AI Trajectory

null

{
  "EnableConfigs": null,
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "KMSANReasoning": "",
  "NeedsKMSAN": false,
  "Reasoning": "All modified files and functions are located strictly under arch/riscv/ (RISC-V KVM G-stage page table management). Because the target architecture is amd64, this code is not compiled and cannot execute.",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

null

{
  "PatchDiff": "commit 5e3dd098afc6a298eec14c81f8ba2bd9b5be83c9\nAuthor: syz-cluster \u003ctriage@syzkaller.com\u003e\nDate:   Wed Sep 23 09:57:56 2026 +0000\n\n    syz-cluster: applied patch under review\n\ndiff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h\nindex aaf080ba1b77a..caeed6de6dbe2 100644\n--- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h\n+++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h\n@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \t\t\t\t  gpa_t start, gpa_t size, bool may_block);\n \n bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start, gpa_t end);\n+bool kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start,\n+\t\t\t\tgpa_t end, bool test_only);\n \n bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_pt_masked(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gfn_t base_gfn,\n \t\t\t\t   unsigned long mask);\n@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ static inline void kvm_riscv_gstage_init(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, struct kvm *\n \tgstage-\u003ekvm = kvm;\n \tgstage-\u003eflags = 0;\n \tgstage-\u003evmid = READ_ONCE(kvm-\u003earch.vmid.vmid);\n-\tgstage-\u003epgd = kvm-\u003earch.pgd;\n+\tgstage-\u003epgd = READ_ONCE(kvm-\u003earch.pgd);\n \tgstage-\u003epgd_levels = kvm-\u003earch.pgd_levels;\n }\n \ndiff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig\nindex ec2cee0a39e01..77898d58ff9a0 100644\n--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig\n+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig\n@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ config KVM\n \tselect VIRT_XFER_TO_GUEST_WORK\n \tselect SCHED_INFO\n \tselect GUEST_PERF_EVENTS if PERF_EVENTS\n+\tselect KVM_MMU_LOCKLESS_AGING\n \thelp\n \t  Support hosting virtualized guest machines.\n \ndiff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c\nindex e5002cb9cbef1..fc39d188b20ac 100644\n--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c\n+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c\n@@ -19,8 +19,22 @@ unsigned long kvm_riscv_gstage_max_pgd_levels __ro_after_init = 3;\n unsigned long kvm_riscv_gstage_max_pgd_levels __ro_after_init = 2;\n #endif\n \n-#define gstage_pte_leaf(__ptep)\t\\\n-\t(pte_val(*(__ptep)) \u0026 (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))\n+#define gstage_pte_leaf(__pte)\t\\\n+\t(pte_val(__pte) \u0026 (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))\n+\n+static void gstage_free_page_table_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)\n+{\n+\tput_page(container_of(head, struct page, rcu_head));\n+}\n+\n+/*\n+ * Defer freeing an unlinked page table until lockless walkers\n+ * that may have observed it have exited.\n+ */\n+static void gstage_free_page_table(pte_t *table)\n+{\n+\tcall_rcu(\u0026virt_to_page(table)-\u003ercu_head, gstage_free_page_table_rcu);\n+}\n \n static inline unsigned long gstage_pte_index(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \t\t\t\t\t     gpa_t addr, u32 level)\n@@ -84,14 +98,18 @@ static int gstage_level_to_page_size(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, u32 level,\n bool kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,\n \t\t\t       pte_t **ptepp, u32 *ptep_level)\n {\n-\tpte_t *ptep;\n+\tpte_t *ptep, pte;\n \tu32 current_level = gstage-\u003epgd_levels - 1;\n \n \t*ptep_level = current_level;\n \tptep = (pte_t *)gstage-\u003epgd;\n \tptep = \u0026ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];\n-\twhile (ptep \u0026\u0026 pte_val(ptep_get(ptep))) {\n-\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {\n+\twhile (ptep) {\n+\t\tpte = ptep_get(ptep);\n+\t\tif (!pte_val(pte))\n+\t\t\tbreak;\n+\n+\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {\n \t\t\t*ptep_level = current_level;\n \t\t\t*ptepp = ptep;\n \t\t\treturn true;\n@@ -100,7 +118,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,\n \t\tif (current_level) {\n \t\t\tcurrent_level--;\n \t\t\t*ptep_level = current_level;\n-\t\t\tptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));\n+\t\t\tptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);\n \t\t\tptep = \u0026ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];\n \t\t} else {\n \t\t\tptep = NULL;\n@@ -151,10 +169,12 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \t\treturn -EINVAL;\n \n \twhile (current_level != map-\u003elevel) {\n-\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep))\n+\t\tpte_t pte = ptep_get(ptep);\n+\n+\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(pte))\n \t\t\treturn -EEXIST;\n \n-\t\tif (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep))) {\n+\t\tif (!pte_val(pte)) {\n \t\t\tif (!pcache)\n \t\t\t\treturn -ENOMEM;\n \t\t\tnext_ptep = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(pcache);\n@@ -163,9 +183,7 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \t\t\tset_pte(ptep, pfn_pte(PFN_DOWN(__pa(next_ptep)),\n \t\t\t\t\t      __pgprot(_PAGE_TABLE)));\n \t\t} else {\n-\t\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep))\n-\t\t\t\treturn -EEXIST;\n-\t\t\tnext_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));\n+\t\t\tnext_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);\n \t\t}\n \n \t\tcurrent_level--;\n@@ -175,7 +193,7 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \tif (pte_val(*ptep) != pte_val(map-\u003epte)) {\n \t\tbool was_invalid = !pte_val(*ptep);\n \t\tset_pte(ptep, map-\u003epte);\n-\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep) \u0026\u0026\n+\t\tif (gstage_pte_leaf(map-\u003epte) \u0026\u0026\n \t\t    !(was_invalid \u0026\u0026 riscv_has_extension_unlikely(RISCV_ISA_EXT_SVVPTC)))\n \t\t\tgstage_tlb_flush(gstage, current_level, map-\u003eaddr);\n \t}\n@@ -316,7 +334,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_split_huge(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \tunsigned long huge_pte, child_pte;\n \tunsigned long child_page_size;\n \tbool need_flush = false;\n-\tpte_t *ptep;\n+\tpte_t *ptep, pte;\n \tint i, ret;\n \n \tif (!pcache)\n@@ -325,16 +343,17 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_split_huge(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,\n \twhile(current_level \u003e target_level) {\n \t\tptep = (pte_t *)\u0026next_ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];\n \n-\t\tif (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))\n+\t\tpte = ptep_get(ptep);\n+\t\tif (!pte_val(pte))\n \t\t\tbreak;\n \n-\t\tif (!gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {\n-\t\t\tnext_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));\n+\t\tif (!gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {\n+\t\t\tnext_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);\n \t\t\tcurrent_level--;\n \t\t\tcontinue;\n \t\t}\n \n-\t\thuge_pte = pte_val(ptep_get(ptep));\n+\t\thuge_pte = pte_val(pte);\n \n \t\tret = gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, current_level - 1, \u0026child_page_size);\n \t\tif (ret)\n@@ -373,7 +392,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,\n \t\t\t     pte_t *ptep, u32 ptep_level, enum kvm_riscv_gstage_op op)\n {\n \tint i, ret;\n-\tpte_t old_pte, *next_ptep;\n+\tpte_t pte, *next_ptep;\n \tu32 next_ptep_level;\n \tunsigned long next_page_size, page_size;\n \tbool flush = false;\n@@ -384,11 +403,12 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,\n \n \tWARN_ON(addr \u0026 (page_size - 1));\n \n-\tif (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))\n+\tpte = ptep_get(ptep);\n+\tif (!pte_val(pte))\n \t\treturn false;\n \n-\tif (ptep_level \u0026\u0026 !gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {\n-\t\tnext_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));\n+\tif (ptep_level \u0026\u0026 !gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {\n+\t\tnext_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);\n \t\tnext_ptep_level = ptep_level - 1;\n \t\tret = gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, next_ptep_level, \u0026next_page_size);\n \t\tif (ret)\n@@ -400,15 +420,18 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,\n \t\t\tflush |= kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(gstage, addr + i * next_page_size,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t \u0026next_ptep[i], next_ptep_level, op);\n \t\tif (op == GSTAGE_OP_CLEAR)\n-\t\t\tput_page(virt_to_page(next_ptep));\n+\t\t\tgstage_free_page_table(next_ptep);\n \t} else {\n-\t\told_pte = *ptep;\n-\t\tif (op == GSTAGE_OP_CLEAR)\n+\t\tif (op == GSTAGE_OP_CLEAR) {\n \t\t\tset_pte(ptep, __pte(0));\n-\t\telse if (op == GSTAGE_OP_WP)\n-\t\t\tset_pte(ptep, __pte(pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)) \u0026 ~_PAGE_WRITE));\n-\t\tif (pte_val(*ptep) != pte_val(old_pte))\n \t\t\tflush = true;\n+\t\t} else if (op == GSTAGE_OP_WP) {\n+\t\t\t/*\n+\t\t\t * Clear W atomically to avoid clobbering a concurrent\n+\t\t\t * Accessed-bit update by lockless aging.\n+\t\t\t */\n+\t\t\tflush = test_and_clear_bit(__ffs(_PAGE_WRITE), \u0026ptep-\u003epte);\n+\t\t}\n \t}\n \n \treturn flush;\n@@ -485,6 +508,40 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start, gpa_t end\n \treturn flush;\n }\n \n+bool kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start,\n+\t\t\t\tgpa_t end, bool test_only)\n+{\n+\tunsigned long page_size;\n+\tbool young = false;\n+\tgpa_t addr = start;\n+\tpte_t *ptep;\n+\tu32 level;\n+\tbool found;\n+\n+\twhile (addr \u003c end) {\n+\t\tfound = kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(gstage, addr, \u0026ptep, \u0026level);\n+\t\tif (gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, level, \u0026page_size))\n+\t\t\tbreak;\n+\n+\t\tif (found) {\n+\t\t\tif (test_only) {\n+\t\t\t\tif (pte_young(ptep_get(ptep)))\n+\t\t\t\t\treturn true;\n+\t\t\t} else {\n+\t\t\t\tyoung |= ptep_test_and_clear_young(NULL, 0, ptep);\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t}\n+\n+\t\t/*\n+\t\t * Advance past this leaf, or past the non-present region at\n+\t\t * the level where the walk stopped.\n+\t\t */\n+\t\taddr = ALIGN_DOWN(addr, page_size) + page_size;\n+\t}\n+\n+\treturn young;\n+}\n+\n static inline void clear_huge_mask(unsigned long *mask, unsigned long page_size,\n \t\t\t\t   gfn_t base_gfn, gpa_t addr)\n {\ndiff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c\nindex 89568ccce01de..5fcf425f71507 100644\n--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c\n+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c\n@@ -262,6 +262,9 @@ static void __exit riscv_kvm_exit(void)\n {\n \tkvm_exit();\n \n+\t/* Wait for pending G-stage page-table RCU callbacks. */\n+\trcu_barrier();\n+\n \t/* Unregister CPU PM notifier */\n \tif (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CPU_PM))\n \t\tcpu_pm_unregister_notifier(\u0026kvm_riscv_cpu_pm_nb);\ndiff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c\nindex 3e955d808743b..ff282bdbe4924 100644\n--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c\n+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c\n@@ -349,44 +349,30 @@ bool kvm_unmap_gfn_range(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)\n \treturn false;\n }\n \n-bool kvm_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)\n+static bool kvm_riscv_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range,\n+\t\t\t      bool test_only)\n {\n-\tpte_t *ptep;\n-\tu32 ptep_level = 0;\n-\tu64 size = (range-\u003eend - range-\u003estart) \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT;\n \tstruct kvm_gstage gstage;\n \n-\tif (!kvm-\u003earch.pgd)\n-\t\treturn false;\n-\n-\tWARN_ON(size != PAGE_SIZE \u0026\u0026 size != PMD_SIZE \u0026\u0026 size != PUD_SIZE);\n+\tguard(rcu)();\n+\tlockdep_assert_not_held(\u0026kvm-\u003emmu_lock);\n \n \tkvm_riscv_gstage_init(\u0026gstage, kvm);\n-\tif (!kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(\u0026gstage, range-\u003estart \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT,\n-\t\t\t\t       \u0026ptep, \u0026ptep_level))\n+\tif (!gstage.pgd)\n \t\treturn false;\n \n-\treturn ptep_test_and_clear_young(NULL, 0, ptep);\n+\treturn kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(\u0026gstage, range-\u003estart \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT,\n+\t\t\t\t\t  range-\u003eend \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT, test_only);\n }\n \n-bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)\n+bool kvm_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)\n {\n-\tpte_t *ptep;\n-\tu32 ptep_level = 0;\n-\tu64 size = (range-\u003eend - range-\u003estart) \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT;\n-\tstruct kvm_gstage gstage;\n-\n-\tif (!kvm-\u003earch.pgd)\n-\t\treturn false;\n-\n-\tWARN_ON(size != PAGE_SIZE \u0026\u0026 size != PMD_SIZE \u0026\u0026 size != PUD_SIZE);\n-\n-\tkvm_riscv_gstage_init(\u0026gstage, kvm);\n-\tif (!kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(\u0026gstage, range-\u003estart \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT,\n-\t\t\t\t       \u0026ptep, \u0026ptep_level))\n-\t\treturn false;\n+\treturn kvm_riscv_age_gfn(kvm, range, false);\n+}\n \n-\treturn pte_young(ptep_get(ptep));\n+bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)\n+{\n+\treturn kvm_riscv_age_gfn(kvm, range, true);\n }\n \n static bool fault_supports_gstage_huge_mapping(struct kvm_memory_slot *memslot,\n@@ -775,6 +761,13 @@ int kvm_riscv_mmu_alloc_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)\n \treturn 0;\n }\n \n+static void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)\n+{\n+\tstruct page *page = container_of(head, struct page, rcu_head);\n+\n+\t__free_pages(page, get_order(kvm_riscv_gstage_pgd_size));\n+}\n+\n void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)\n {\n \tstruct kvm_gstage gstage;\n@@ -787,9 +780,12 @@ void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)\n \t\tflush = kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range(\u0026gstage, 0UL,\n \t\t\tkvm_riscv_gstage_gpa_size(kvm-\u003earch.pgd_levels), false);\n \t\tpgd = READ_ONCE(kvm-\u003earch.pgd);\n-\t\tkvm-\u003earch.pgd = NULL;\n+\t\t/*\n+\t\t * Keep pgd_levels unchanged for lockless walkers that already\n+\t\t * observed the old root.\n+\t\t */\n+\t\tWRITE_ONCE(kvm-\u003earch.pgd, NULL);\n \t\tkvm-\u003earch.pgd_phys = 0;\n-\t\tkvm-\u003earch.pgd_levels = 0;\n \t}\n \twrite_unlock(\u0026kvm-\u003emmu_lock);\n \n@@ -797,7 +793,7 @@ void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)\n \t\tkvm_flush_remote_tlbs(kvm);\n \n \tif (pgd)\n-\t\tfree_pages((unsigned long)pgd, get_order(kvm_riscv_gstage_pgd_size));\n+\t\tcall_rcu(\u0026virt_to_page(pgd)-\u003ercu_head, kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd_rcu);\n \n \tkvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(\u0026kvm-\u003earch.pgd_split_page_cache);\n }\n"
}

core

null

{
  "EnableConfigs": null,
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "Reasoning": "All modified files and functions are located strictly under arch/riscv/ (RISC-V KVM G-stage page table management). Because the target architecture is amd64, this code is not compiled and cannot execute.",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

You are an expert Linux kernel maintainer and security engineer.
Your job is to review a provided patch series and evaluate whether it warrants fuzzing with syzkaller.

IMPORTANT: The changes have ALREADY been applied and committed as the HEAD commit in
your workspace. Do NOT rely on internal assumptions. You must actively use your code access
tools to inspect the actual source code, callers, and surrounding context.

================================================================================
1. CORE TRIAGE PHILOSOPHY
================================================================================
The goal of patch fuzzing is to discover crashes, regressions, exposed latent bugs,
and newly triggered assertions introduced by the patch series.

- REACHABILITY IS THE PRIMARY GATE:
  Fuzzing can only discover bugs in code that can actually execute in standard virtualized
  environments (GCE or QEMU, utilizing software-emulated devices like USB gadgets, netdev, tun/tap).
  If the modified code is structurally unreachable (see Section 2), it MUST NOT be fuzzed,
  regardless of whether it adds assertions or complex logic.

- DO NOT BLINDLY TRUST "NO FUNCTIONAL CHANGE" (NFCI) OR "REFACTORING" CLAIMS:
  Patch authors routinely label changes as "cleanups", "refactorings", or state
  "No functional change intended". Do NOT take these claims at face value.
  Code refactorings that rearrange logic, introduce helper functions, or alter state management
  in core subsystems frequently introduce subtle semantic shifts or uncover latent kernel bugs.
  If reachable executable code is modified or refactored, it MUST be fuzzed.

- NEW OR MODIFIED ASSERTIONS IN REACHABLE CODE MUST BE FUZZED:
  When a patch introduces or modifies runtime checks or assertions (e.g., WARN_ON*, VM_WARN_ON*,
  BUG_ON*, lockdep_assert*) in reachable code paths, it enforces new or stricter invariants.
  Even if the author believes the invariant always holds, fuzzing is essential to verify whether
  an unusual sequence of operations can violate it.

================================================================================
2. WHEN TO RETURN WorthFuzzing=false (NEGATIVE CRITERIA)
================================================================================
Return WorthFuzzing=false ONLY IF all modified code falls strictly into one or more of these categories:

- Non-kernel and non-executable changes:
  * Modifications to Documentation/, comments, or spelling fixes.
  * User-space directories, self-tests, samples, or scripts (e.g., tools/, samples/, scripts/, usr/)
    that do not affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux) or kernel modules.
  * Purely decorative logging (e.g., message strings in pr_err, printk, dev_info) or tracepoints
    that do not alter control flow or data structures.
  * Build system or Kconfig changes that do not alter compiled C logic.
- Structurally unreachable hardware:
  * Vendor-specific PCIe switches, SmartNICs, or GPU drivers (e.g., mlxsw, pds_core, qed,
    ionic, amdgpu) requiring physical ASIC/PCIe cards not emulated in standard QEMU.
- Unreachable execution paths:
  * Driver teardown callbacks (.remove, .shutdown, pci_unregister_driver) executed only during
    physical PCI hot-unplug or manual sysfs driver unbinding.
  * Code paths exclusive to architectures other than the target architecture.

================================================================================
3. WHEN TO RETURN WorthFuzzing=true (POSITIVE CRITERIA)
================================================================================
Return WorthFuzzing=true whenever the patch touches reachable executable code, including:
- Core Subsystems:
  * Any logic modifications in memory management (mm/), synchronization/locking (kernel/locking/),
    BPF, scheduler, core networking, VFS, or syscall handling.
- Refactorings and Code Cleanups:
  * Any restructuring of reachable data structures, helper abstractions, or algorithm flows.
- Runtime Assertions and Defensive Checks:
  * Any introduction or alteration of assertions (WARN_ON*, VM_WARN_ON*, BUG_ON*, etc.) in reachable paths.
- Reachable Drivers and Protocols:
  * Drivers accessible via virtual buses (virtio, USB gadget, loopback, netlink, binder, sockets, etc.).

================================================================================
4. EXTRACTING FocusSymbols (PREVENTING DILUTION)
================================================================================
When WorthFuzzing=true, you must extract specific kernel functions into FocusSymbols to guide the fuzzer:

- AVOID UBIQUITOUS LIFECYCLE HOT-PATHS:
  Do NOT list generic, ubiquitous functions called by almost every program in the corpus
  (including, but not limited to: general memory allocators and deallocators, page fault
  and trap handlers, or core synchronization primitives; this is not an exhaustive list).
  Listing ubiquitous functions causes the fuzzer to classify thousands of unrelated tests as "focused",
  which severely dilutes fuzzing effort away from the actual changes.

- TARGET SPECIFIC FEATURE LOGIC AND ENTRYPOINTS:
  List functions that specifically implement the logic being added or altered, or direct API entrypoints
  for the subsystem feature under review.

- HANDLING STATIC INLINE FUNCTIONS IN HEADERS (.h):
  Compiler-inlined static functions (such as static inlines in mm/*.h or include/linux/*.h) lack
  distinct symbol addresses in vmlinux and cannot be targeted directly by symbol coverage filters.
  If the changes are primarily in static inline helpers, identify non-static, feature-specific caller
  functions in .c files that exercise them (avoiding ubiquitous lifecycle wrappers).

================================================================================
5. IDENTIFYING EnableConfigs
================================================================================
Identify any specific CONFIG_ options required to properly compile and reach the modified code:
- Inspect Kconfig files and #ifdef guards; do not make assumptions.
- Check "depends on" lines in Kconfig to include any non-standard parent subsystem configs needed.
- Strip any 'CONFIG_' prefix (e.g., return "NET_IPV4" instead of "CONFIG_NET_IPV4").
Prefer calling several tools at the same time to save round-trips.


Use set-results tool to provide results of the analysis.
It must be called exactly once before the final reply.
Ignore results of this tool.

Target architecture: amd64

For your convenience, here is the diff of the changes:
commit 5e3dd098afc6a298eec14c81f8ba2bd9b5be83c9
Author: syz-cluster <triage@syzkaller.com>
Date:   Wed Sep 23 09:57:56 2026 +0000

    syz-cluster: applied patch under review

diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h
index aaf080ba1b77a..caeed6de6dbe2 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h
+++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 				  gpa_t start, gpa_t size, bool may_block);
 
 bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start, gpa_t end);
+bool kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start,
+				gpa_t end, bool test_only);
 
 bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_pt_masked(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gfn_t base_gfn,
 				   unsigned long mask);
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ static inline void kvm_riscv_gstage_init(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, struct kvm *
 	gstage->kvm = kvm;
 	gstage->flags = 0;
 	gstage->vmid = READ_ONCE(kvm->arch.vmid.vmid);
-	gstage->pgd = kvm->arch.pgd;
+	gstage->pgd = READ_ONCE(kvm->arch.pgd);
 	gstage->pgd_levels = kvm->arch.pgd_levels;
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig
index ec2cee0a39e01..77898d58ff9a0 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ config KVM
 	select VIRT_XFER_TO_GUEST_WORK
 	select SCHED_INFO
 	select GUEST_PERF_EVENTS if PERF_EVENTS
+	select KVM_MMU_LOCKLESS_AGING
 	help
 	  Support hosting virtualized guest machines.
 
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c
index e5002cb9cbef1..fc39d188b20ac 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c
@@ -19,8 +19,22 @@ unsigned long kvm_riscv_gstage_max_pgd_levels __ro_after_init = 3;
 unsigned long kvm_riscv_gstage_max_pgd_levels __ro_after_init = 2;
 #endif
 
-#define gstage_pte_leaf(__ptep)	\
-	(pte_val(*(__ptep)) & (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))
+#define gstage_pte_leaf(__pte)	\
+	(pte_val(__pte) & (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))
+
+static void gstage_free_page_table_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	put_page(container_of(head, struct page, rcu_head));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Defer freeing an unlinked page table until lockless walkers
+ * that may have observed it have exited.
+ */
+static void gstage_free_page_table(pte_t *table)
+{
+	call_rcu(&virt_to_page(table)->rcu_head, gstage_free_page_table_rcu);
+}
 
 static inline unsigned long gstage_pte_index(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 					     gpa_t addr, u32 level)
@@ -84,14 +98,18 @@ static int gstage_level_to_page_size(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, u32 level,
 bool kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 			       pte_t **ptepp, u32 *ptep_level)
 {
-	pte_t *ptep;
+	pte_t *ptep, pte;
 	u32 current_level = gstage->pgd_levels - 1;
 
 	*ptep_level = current_level;
 	ptep = (pte_t *)gstage->pgd;
 	ptep = &ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];
-	while (ptep && pte_val(ptep_get(ptep))) {
-		if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {
+	while (ptep) {
+		pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+		if (!pte_val(pte))
+			break;
+
+		if (gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {
 			*ptep_level = current_level;
 			*ptepp = ptep;
 			return true;
@@ -100,7 +118,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 		if (current_level) {
 			current_level--;
 			*ptep_level = current_level;
-			ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+			ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 			ptep = &ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];
 		} else {
 			ptep = NULL;
@@ -151,10 +169,12 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	while (current_level != map->level) {
-		if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep))
+		pte_t pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+
+		if (gstage_pte_leaf(pte))
 			return -EEXIST;
 
-		if (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep))) {
+		if (!pte_val(pte)) {
 			if (!pcache)
 				return -ENOMEM;
 			next_ptep = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(pcache);
@@ -163,9 +183,7 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 			set_pte(ptep, pfn_pte(PFN_DOWN(__pa(next_ptep)),
 					      __pgprot(_PAGE_TABLE)));
 		} else {
-			if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep))
-				return -EEXIST;
-			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 		}
 
 		current_level--;
@@ -175,7 +193,7 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 	if (pte_val(*ptep) != pte_val(map->pte)) {
 		bool was_invalid = !pte_val(*ptep);
 		set_pte(ptep, map->pte);
-		if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep) &&
+		if (gstage_pte_leaf(map->pte) &&
 		    !(was_invalid && riscv_has_extension_unlikely(RISCV_ISA_EXT_SVVPTC)))
 			gstage_tlb_flush(gstage, current_level, map->addr);
 	}
@@ -316,7 +334,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_split_huge(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 	unsigned long huge_pte, child_pte;
 	unsigned long child_page_size;
 	bool need_flush = false;
-	pte_t *ptep;
+	pte_t *ptep, pte;
 	int i, ret;
 
 	if (!pcache)
@@ -325,16 +343,17 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_split_huge(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 	while(current_level > target_level) {
 		ptep = (pte_t *)&next_ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];
 
-		if (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))
+		pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+		if (!pte_val(pte))
 			break;
 
-		if (!gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {
-			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+		if (!gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {
+			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 			current_level--;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		huge_pte = pte_val(ptep_get(ptep));
+		huge_pte = pte_val(pte);
 
 		ret = gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, current_level - 1, &child_page_size);
 		if (ret)
@@ -373,7 +392,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 			     pte_t *ptep, u32 ptep_level, enum kvm_riscv_gstage_op op)
 {
 	int i, ret;
-	pte_t old_pte, *next_ptep;
+	pte_t pte, *next_ptep;
 	u32 next_ptep_level;
 	unsigned long next_page_size, page_size;
 	bool flush = false;
@@ -384,11 +403,12 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 
 	WARN_ON(addr & (page_size - 1));
 
-	if (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))
+	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	if (!pte_val(pte))
 		return false;
 
-	if (ptep_level && !gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {
-		next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+	if (ptep_level && !gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {
+		next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 		next_ptep_level = ptep_level - 1;
 		ret = gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, next_ptep_level, &next_page_size);
 		if (ret)
@@ -400,15 +420,18 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 			flush |= kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(gstage, addr + i * next_page_size,
 							 &next_ptep[i], next_ptep_level, op);
 		if (op == GSTAGE_OP_CLEAR)
-			put_page(virt_to_page(next_ptep));
+			gstage_free_page_table(next_ptep);
 	} else {
-		old_pte = *ptep;
-		if (op == GSTAGE_OP_CLEAR)
+		if (op == GSTAGE_OP_CLEAR) {
 			set_pte(ptep, __pte(0));
-		else if (op == GSTAGE_OP_WP)
-			set_pte(ptep, __pte(pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)) & ~_PAGE_WRITE));
-		if (pte_val(*ptep) != pte_val(old_pte))
 			flush = true;
+		} else if (op == GSTAGE_OP_WP) {
+			/*
+			 * Clear W atomically to avoid clobbering a concurrent
+			 * Accessed-bit update by lockless aging.
+			 */
+			flush = test_and_clear_bit(__ffs(_PAGE_WRITE), &ptep->pte);
+		}
 	}
 
 	return flush;
@@ -485,6 +508,40 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start, gpa_t end
 	return flush;
 }
 
+bool kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start,
+				gpa_t end, bool test_only)
+{
+	unsigned long page_size;
+	bool young = false;
+	gpa_t addr = start;
+	pte_t *ptep;
+	u32 level;
+	bool found;
+
+	while (addr < end) {
+		found = kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(gstage, addr, &ptep, &level);
+		if (gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, level, &page_size))
+			break;
+
+		if (found) {
+			if (test_only) {
+				if (pte_young(ptep_get(ptep)))
+					return true;
+			} else {
+				young |= ptep_test_and_clear_young(NULL, 0, ptep);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Advance past this leaf, or past the non-present region at
+		 * the level where the walk stopped.
+		 */
+		addr = ALIGN_DOWN(addr, page_size) + page_size;
+	}
+
+	return young;
+}
+
 static inline void clear_huge_mask(unsigned long *mask, unsigned long page_size,
 				   gfn_t base_gfn, gpa_t addr)
 {
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c
index 89568ccce01de..5fcf425f71507 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/main.c
@@ -262,6 +262,9 @@ static void __exit riscv_kvm_exit(void)
 {
 	kvm_exit();
 
+	/* Wait for pending G-stage page-table RCU callbacks. */
+	rcu_barrier();
+
 	/* Unregister CPU PM notifier */
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CPU_PM))
 		cpu_pm_unregister_notifier(&kvm_riscv_cpu_pm_nb);
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c
index 3e955d808743b..ff282bdbe4924 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c
@@ -349,44 +349,30 @@ bool kvm_unmap_gfn_range(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 	return false;
 }
 
-bool kvm_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+static bool kvm_riscv_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range,
+			      bool test_only)
 {
-	pte_t *ptep;
-	u32 ptep_level = 0;
-	u64 size = (range->end - range->start) << PAGE_SHIFT;
 	struct kvm_gstage gstage;
 
-	if (!kvm->arch.pgd)
-		return false;
-
-	WARN_ON(size != PAGE_SIZE && size != PMD_SIZE && size != PUD_SIZE);
+	guard(rcu)();
+	lockdep_assert_not_held(&kvm->mmu_lock);
 
 	kvm_riscv_gstage_init(&gstage, kvm);
-	if (!kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(&gstage, range->start << PAGE_SHIFT,
-				       &ptep, &ptep_level))
+	if (!gstage.pgd)
 		return false;
 
-	return ptep_test_and_clear_young(NULL, 0, ptep);
+	return kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(&gstage, range->start << PAGE_SHIFT,
+					  range->end << PAGE_SHIFT, test_only);
 }
 
-bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+bool kvm_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
 {
-	pte_t *ptep;
-	u32 ptep_level = 0;
-	u64 size = (range->end - range->start) << PAGE_SHIFT;
-	struct kvm_gstage gstage;
-
-	if (!kvm->arch.pgd)
-		return false;
-
-	WARN_ON(size != PAGE_SIZE && size != PMD_SIZE && size != PUD_SIZE);
-
-	kvm_riscv_gstage_init(&gstage, kvm);
-	if (!kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(&gstage, range->start << PAGE_SHIFT,
-				       &ptep, &ptep_level))
-		return false;
+	return kvm_riscv_age_gfn(kvm, range, false);
+}
 
-	return pte_young(ptep_get(ptep));
+bool kvm_test_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range)
+{
+	return kvm_riscv_age_gfn(kvm, range, true);
 }
 
 static bool fault_supports_gstage_huge_mapping(struct kvm_memory_slot *memslot,
@@ -775,6 +761,13 @@ int kvm_riscv_mmu_alloc_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	struct page *page = container_of(head, struct page, rcu_head);
+
+	__free_pages(page, get_order(kvm_riscv_gstage_pgd_size));
+}
+
 void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)
 {
 	struct kvm_gstage gstage;
@@ -787,9 +780,12 @@ void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)
 		flush = kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range(&gstage, 0UL,
 			kvm_riscv_gstage_gpa_size(kvm->arch.pgd_levels), false);
 		pgd = READ_ONCE(kvm->arch.pgd);
-		kvm->arch.pgd = NULL;
+		/*
+		 * Keep pgd_levels unchanged for lockless walkers that already
+		 * observed the old root.
+		 */
+		WRITE_ONCE(kvm->arch.pgd, NULL);
 		kvm->arch.pgd_phys = 0;
-		kvm->arch.pgd_levels = 0;
 	}
 	write_unlock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
 
@@ -797,7 +793,7 @@ void kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd(struct kvm *kvm)
 		kvm_flush_remote_tlbs(kvm);
 
 	if (pgd)
-		free_pages((unsigned long)pgd, get_order(kvm_riscv_gstage_pgd_size));
+		call_rcu(&virt_to_page(pgd)->rcu_head, kvm_riscv_mmu_free_pgd_rcu);
 
 	kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(&kvm->arch.pgd_split_page_cache);
 }

gemini-3.8-flash

null

null

							input: 8110
							output: 35
							thoughts: 651
						

**WorthFuzzing Evaluation: Patch Series for Syzkaller**

Okay, so I need to evaluate this patch series for fuzzing with syzkaller. First things first, let's get the target architecture – ah, amd64. Now, let's dive into the patch itself. Interesting… all the modified files are tucked away under `arch/riscv/`. Specifically, I see changes to `arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h`, `arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig`, `arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c`, `arch/riscv/kvm/main.c`, and `arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c`.

Right, time to consult the guidelines. I need to figure out when I should return `WorthFuzzing=false`. Ah, here it is: "Return WorthFuzzing=false ONLY IF all modified code falls strictly into one or more of these categories: … - Unreachable execution paths: * Code paths exclusive to architectures other than the target architecture."

And that's precisely what we have here. My target architecture is amd64, but all the modifications are in `arch/riscv/`, the RISC-V KVM implementation. Can `arch/riscv/` code ever even *be* compiled or executed on amd64? No way. `arch/riscv/` is only compiled when `ARCH=riscv`. On an amd64 system, that code is completely unreachable.

Just to be absolutely sure, let me double-check the diff. Yep, it's all `arch/riscv/`, no sneaky files lurking elsewhere. So, following the guidelines – and considering that all the modified code is architecture-specific code for a different architecture – the verdict is clear: `WorthFuzzing=false`.

Just to be thorough, I should run a quick `git diff` or `git log` check, just to make absolutely certain I haven't missed anything. You know, just to cover all bases before I submit this analysis.

{
  "Expression": "KVM_MMU_LOCKLESS_AGING",
  "PathPrefix": "arch/riscv/"
}

{
  "Output": "arch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig=20=config KVM\n--\narch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig-34-\tselect GUEST_PERF_EVENTS if PERF_EVENTS\narch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig:35:\tselect KVM_MMU_LOCKLESS_AGING\narch/riscv/kvm/Kconfig-36-\thelp\n"
}

gemini-3.8-flash

null

null

							input: 9347
							output: 26
							thoughts: 22
						

Okay, here's my take on those thoughts, tailored for an expert audience:

**Checking for Unexpected Changes in HEAD**

Alright, before I proceed any further, I need to perform a quick sanity check. My primary concern is that a potentially unintended change has crept in somewhere I'm not expecting. To be absolutely certain, I'm going to leverage Git. Specifically, I'm going to examine the differences between my working directory and the `HEAD` commit. I'll use either `git diff HEAD` to see a concise summary of the staged and unstaged changes, or `git log -p HEAD` to ensure nothing else got included. This is a crucial step for me, as I need to be sure that the committed changes are *exactly* what I'm expecting and nothing more. I have zero tolerance for unintended code changes, even small ones. Gotta make sure I'm working with the code I think I am. Gotta keep my commit history clean and concise.

{
  "Expression": "kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range"
}

{
  "Output": "arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h=83=bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start, gpa_t end);\narch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h:84:bool kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start,\narch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_gstage.h-85-\t\t\t\tgpa_t end, bool test_only);\n--\narch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c=482=bool kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start, gpa_t end)\n--\narch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c-510-\narch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c:511:bool kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t start,\narch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c-512-\t\t\t\tgpa_t end, bool test_only)\n--\narch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c=352=static bool kvm_riscv_age_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range,\n--\narch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c-363-\narch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c:364:\treturn kvm_riscv_gstage_age_range(\u0026gstage, range-\u003estart \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT,\narch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c-365-\t\t\t\t\t  range-\u003eend \u003c\u003c PAGE_SHIFT, test_only);\n"
}

gemini-3.8-flash

null

null

							input: 10053
							output: 77
							thoughts: 175
						

**Analyzing the Unreachable Code**

Okay, here's the situation: This commit is laser-focused on the RISC-V KVM implementation, specifically dealing with lockless aging and page table freeing. The key detail is that all the code changes are contained within `arch/riscv/`. Since we're targeting `amd64`, this code is completely unreachable. It's not compiled, not linked, not even *considered* for execution on this architecture.

Given that, I'm confident in preparing the parameters for `set-results`. "WorthFuzzing" is definitely `false`. The reasoning is straightforward: this patch is fundamentally RISC-V specific; it has no bearing on our `amd64` testing. The `FocusSymbols` will be an empty list, and likewise, `EnableConfigs` remains an empty list. There's simply nothing here that relates to our current testing regime. The architecture dictates the exclusion.

Everything checks out. Time to call `set-results`.

{
  "EnableConfigs": [],
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "Reasoning": "All modified files and functions are located strictly under arch/riscv/ (RISC-V KVM G-stage page table management). Because the target architecture is amd64, this code is not compiled and cannot execute.",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

{
  "EnableConfigs": null,
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "Reasoning": "All modified files and functions are located strictly under arch/riscv/ (RISC-V KVM G-stage page table management). Because the target architecture is amd64, this code is not compiled and cannot execute.",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

{
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

null