AI Trajectory

null

{
  "EnableConfigs": null,
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "KMSANReasoning": "",
  "NeedsKMSAN": false,
  "Reasoning": "The changes are entirely confined to user-space tools, libraries, and selftests (tools/lib/bpf, tools/bpf/bpftool, and tools/testing/selftests/bpf). They do not modify any kernel code or affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux).",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

null

{
  "PatchDiff": "commit f00ffafd024a8c8596fcede162e7c056386841f4\nAuthor: syz-cluster \u003ctriage@syzkaller.com\u003e\nDate:   Thu Sep 10 20:03:27 2026 +0000\n\n    syz-cluster: applied patch under review\n\ndiff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c b/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c\nindex 8c2f9255b36d7..6ab911e821551 100644\n--- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c\n+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c\n@@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@ static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)\n \t\t}\n \n \t\tif (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP \u0026\u0026 xdpmeta_ifindex) {\n-\t\t\tbpf_program__set_flags(pos, bpf_program__flags(pos) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n+\t\t\tbpf_program__add_flags(pos, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n \t\t\tbpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, xdpmeta_ifindex);\n \t\t} else {\n \t\t\tbpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, offload_ifindex);\ndiff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c\nindex c036e8a91ed88..221c4fe1fb319 100644\n--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c\n+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c\n@@ -9938,6 +9938,16 @@ int bpf_program__set_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags)\n \treturn 0;\n }\n \n+int bpf_program__add_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags)\n+{\n+\treturn bpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog-\u003eprog_flags | flags);\n+}\n+\n+int bpf_program__clear_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags)\n+{\n+\treturn bpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog-\u003eprog_flags \u0026 ~flags);\n+}\n+\n __u32 bpf_program__log_level(const struct bpf_program *prog)\n {\n \treturn prog-\u003elog_level;\ndiff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h\nindex b965ad5715403..3932bf9cb4903 100644\n--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h\n+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h\n@@ -1011,6 +1011,12 @@ bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(struct bpf_program *prog,\n LIBBPF_API __u32 bpf_program__flags(const struct bpf_program *prog);\n LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__set_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags);\n \n+/* Convenience helpers to non-destructively add or clear the specified flags\n+ * instead of clobbering them as bpf_program__set_flags() does.\n+ */\n+LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__add_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags);\n+LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__clear_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags);\n+\n /* Per-program log level and log buffer getters/setters.\n  * See bpf_object_open_opts comments regarding log_level and log_buf\n  * interactions.\ndiff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map\nindex 08ab2ea881fb6..a811a1b3a0857 100644\n--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map\n+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map\n@@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ LIBBPF_1.7.0 {\n \n LIBBPF_1.8.0 {\n \tglobal:\n+\t\tbpf_program__add_flags;\n \t\tbpf_program__attach_tracing_multi;\n+\t\tbpf_program__clear_flags;\n \t\tbpf_program__clone;\n \t\tbtf__find_by_name_kind_own;\n \t\tbtf__new_empty_opts;\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c\nindex 7dadb90e7b689..41136e1c7752e 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c\n@@ -543,9 +543,7 @@ static void test_kprobe_sleepable(void)\n \t\treturn;\n \n \t/* sleepable kprobe test case needs flags set before loading */\n-\tif (!ASSERT_OK(bpf_program__set_flags(\n-\t\t\t       skel-\u003eprogs.handle_kprobe_sleepable,\n-\t\t\t       bpf_program__flags(skel-\u003eprogs.handle_kprobe_sleepable) | BPF_F_SLEEPABLE),\n+\tif (!ASSERT_OK(bpf_program__add_flags(skel-\u003eprogs.handle_kprobe_sleepable, BPF_F_SLEEPABLE),\n \t\t       \"kprobe_sleepable_flags\"))\n \t\tgoto cleanup;\n \ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c\nindex 652307a1b22e7..902a70d5afeb6 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c\n@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ static int check_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type)\n \t}\n \n \tbpf_program__set_type(prog, type);\n-\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | testing_prog_flags());\n+\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, testing_prog_flags());\n \tbpf_program__set_log_level(prog, 4 | extra_prog_load_log_flags);\n \n \terr = bpf_object__load(obj);\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c\nindex 25eb59f460abe..72c0ef8da409e 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c\n@@ -10,15 +10,31 @@ void test_kernel_flag(void)\n \tstruct test_kernel_flag *lsm_skel;\n \tstruct kfunc_call_test *skel = NULL;\n \tstruct kfunc_call_test_lskel *lskel = NULL;\n+\tstruct bpf_program *prog;\n+\t__u32 flags;\n \tint ret;\n \n-\tlsm_skel = test_kernel_flag__open_and_load();\n+\tlsm_skel = test_kernel_flag__open();\n \tif (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(lsm_skel, \"lsm_skel\"))\n \t\treturn;\n \n-\tASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__flags(lsm_skel-\u003eprogs.bpf) \u0026 BPF_F_SLEEPABLE,\n+\tprog = lsm_skel-\u003eprogs.bpf;\n+\tflags = bpf_program__flags(prog);\n+\tASSERT_EQ(flags \u0026 BPF_F_SLEEPABLE,\n \t\t  BPF_F_SLEEPABLE, \"sleepable in program flags\");\n \n+\tret = bpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT);\n+\tASSERT_OK(ret, \"bpf_program__add_flags ret\");\n+\tASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__flags(prog), flags | BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT,\n+\t\t  \"bpf_program__add_flags value\");\n+\n+\tret = bpf_program__clear_flags(prog, BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT);\n+\tASSERT_OK(ret, \"bpf_program__clear_flags ret\");\n+\tASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__flags(prog), flags, \"bpf_program__clear_flags value\");\n+\n+\tret = test_kernel_flag__load(lsm_skel);\n+\tASSERT_OK(ret, \"test_kernel_flag__load\");\n+\n \tlsm_skel-\u003ebss-\u003emonitored_tid = sys_gettid();\n \n \tret = test_kernel_flag__attach(lsm_skel);\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c\nindex ed3fd0a88dab6..651123cd8602d 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c\n@@ -361,8 +361,7 @@ static void test_attach_api_fails(void)\n \n \tsl_skel-\u003ebss-\u003euser_ptr = sl_skel;\n \n-\terr = bpf_program__set_flags(sl_skel-\u003eprogs.handle_kprobe_multi_sleepable,\n-\t\t\t\t     bpf_program__flags(sl_skel-\u003eprogs.handle_kprobe_multi_sleepable) | BPF_F_SLEEPABLE);\n+\terr = bpf_program__add_flags(sl_skel-\u003eprogs.handle_kprobe_multi_sleepable, BPF_F_SLEEPABLE);\n \tif (!ASSERT_OK(err, \"sleep_skel_set_flags\"))\n \t\tgoto cleanup;\n \ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c\nindex 047dfdc322a2f..3ab963458903d 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c\n@@ -408,14 +408,14 @@ void test_xdp_metadata(void)\n \n \tprog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(bpf_obj-\u003eobj, \"rx\");\n \tbpf_program__set_ifindex(prog, rx_ifindex);\n-\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n+\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n \n \t/* Make sure we can load a dev-bound program that performs\n \t * XDP_REDIRECT into a devmap.\n \t */\n \tnew_prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(bpf_obj-\u003eobj, \"redirect\");\n \tbpf_program__set_ifindex(new_prog, rx_ifindex);\n-\tbpf_program__set_flags(new_prog, bpf_program__flags(new_prog) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n+\tbpf_program__add_flags(new_prog, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n \n \tif (!ASSERT_OK(xdp_metadata__load(bpf_obj), \"load skeleton\"))\n \t\tgoto out;\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c\nindex 794a7dfb05796..28724de063220 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c\n@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ static void prepare_case(struct test_loader *tester,\n \t\t\t struct bpf_object *obj,\n \t\t\t struct bpf_program *prog)\n {\n-\tint min_log_level = 0, prog_flags;\n+\tint min_log_level = 0;\n \n \tif (env.verbosity \u003e VERBOSE_NONE)\n \t\tmin_log_level = 1;\n@@ -766,8 +766,7 @@ static void prepare_case(struct test_loader *tester,\n \telse\n \t\tbpf_program__set_log_level(prog, spec-\u003elog_level);\n \n-\tprog_flags = bpf_program__flags(prog);\n-\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog_flags | spec-\u003eprog_flags);\n+\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, spec-\u003eprog_flags);\n \n \ttester-\u003elog_buf[0] = '\\0';\n }\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c\nindex 3f037949e9789..d1d60451c5bcc 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c\n@@ -292,7 +292,6 @@ int bpf_prog_test_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type,\n \t);\n \tstruct bpf_object *obj;\n \tstruct bpf_program *prog;\n-\t__u32 flags;\n \tint err;\n \n \tobj = bpf_object__open_file(file, \u0026opts);\n@@ -308,8 +307,7 @@ int bpf_prog_test_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type,\n \tif (type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC \u0026\u0026 bpf_program__type(prog) != type)\n \t\tbpf_program__set_type(prog, type);\n \n-\tflags = bpf_program__flags(prog) | testing_prog_flags();\n-\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, flags);\n+\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, testing_prog_flags());\n \n \terr = bpf_object__load(obj);\n \tif (err)\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c\nindex e70741c6b9b7c..9cfc9b4b41c12 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c\n@@ -1722,9 +1722,9 @@ static int process_prog(const char *filename, struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf\n \tfixup_obj(obj, prog, base_filename);\n \n \tif (env.force_checkpoints)\n-\t\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ);\n+\t\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ);\n \tif (env.force_reg_invariants)\n-\t\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS);\n+\t\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS);\n \n \topts.log_buf = buf;\n \topts.log_size = buf_sz;\ndiff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c\nindex c5501b3fdf48f..ab3f5fc56e867 100644\n--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c\n+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c\n@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])\n \n \tprog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(bpf_obj-\u003eobj, \"rx\");\n \tbpf_program__set_ifindex(prog, ifindex);\n-\tbpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n+\tbpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);\n \n \tprintf(\"load bpf program...\\n\");\n \tret = xdp_hw_metadata__load(bpf_obj);\n"
}

core

null

{
  "EnableConfigs": null,
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "Reasoning": "The changes are entirely confined to user-space tools, libraries, and selftests (tools/lib/bpf, tools/bpf/bpftool, and tools/testing/selftests/bpf). They do not modify any kernel code or affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux).",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

You are an expert Linux kernel maintainer and security engineer.
Your job is to review a provided patch series and evaluate whether it warrants fuzzing with syzkaller.

IMPORTANT: The changes have ALREADY been applied and committed as the HEAD commit in
your workspace. Do NOT rely on internal assumptions. You must actively use your code access
tools to inspect the actual source code, callers, and surrounding context.

================================================================================
1. CORE TRIAGE PHILOSOPHY
================================================================================
The goal of patch fuzzing is to discover crashes, regressions, exposed latent bugs,
and newly triggered assertions introduced by the patch series.

- REACHABILITY IS THE PRIMARY GATE:
  Fuzzing can only discover bugs in code that can actually execute in standard virtualized
  environments (GCE or QEMU, utilizing software-emulated devices like USB gadgets, netdev, tun/tap).
  If the modified code is structurally unreachable (see Section 2), it MUST NOT be fuzzed,
  regardless of whether it adds assertions or complex logic.

- DO NOT BLINDLY TRUST "NO FUNCTIONAL CHANGE" (NFCI) OR "REFACTORING" CLAIMS:
  Patch authors routinely label changes as "cleanups", "refactorings", or state
  "No functional change intended". Do NOT take these claims at face value.
  Code refactorings that rearrange logic, introduce helper functions, or alter state management
  in core subsystems frequently introduce subtle semantic shifts or uncover latent kernel bugs.
  If reachable executable code is modified or refactored, it MUST be fuzzed.

- NEW OR MODIFIED ASSERTIONS IN REACHABLE CODE MUST BE FUZZED:
  When a patch introduces or modifies runtime checks or assertions (e.g., WARN_ON*, VM_WARN_ON*,
  BUG_ON*, lockdep_assert*) in reachable code paths, it enforces new or stricter invariants.
  Even if the author believes the invariant always holds, fuzzing is essential to verify whether
  an unusual sequence of operations can violate it.

================================================================================
2. WHEN TO RETURN WorthFuzzing=false (NEGATIVE CRITERIA)
================================================================================
Return WorthFuzzing=false ONLY IF all modified code falls strictly into one or more of these categories:

- Non-kernel and non-executable changes:
  * Modifications to Documentation/, comments, or spelling fixes.
  * User-space directories, self-tests, samples, or scripts (e.g., tools/, samples/, scripts/, usr/)
    that do not affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux) or kernel modules.
  * Purely decorative logging (e.g., message strings in pr_err, printk, dev_info) or tracepoints
    that do not alter control flow or data structures.
  * Build system or Kconfig changes that do not alter compiled C logic.
- Structurally unreachable hardware:
  * Vendor-specific PCIe switches, SmartNICs, or GPU drivers (e.g., mlxsw, pds_core, qed,
    ionic, amdgpu) requiring physical ASIC/PCIe cards not emulated in standard QEMU.
- Unreachable execution paths:
  * Driver teardown callbacks (.remove, .shutdown, pci_unregister_driver) executed only during
    physical PCI hot-unplug or manual sysfs driver unbinding.
  * Code paths exclusive to architectures other than the target architecture.

================================================================================
3. WHEN TO RETURN WorthFuzzing=true (POSITIVE CRITERIA)
================================================================================
Return WorthFuzzing=true whenever the patch touches reachable executable code, including:
- Core Subsystems:
  * Any logic modifications in memory management (mm/), synchronization/locking (kernel/locking/),
    BPF, scheduler, core networking, VFS, or syscall handling.
- Refactorings and Code Cleanups:
  * Any restructuring of reachable data structures, helper abstractions, or algorithm flows.
- Runtime Assertions and Defensive Checks:
  * Any introduction or alteration of assertions (WARN_ON*, VM_WARN_ON*, BUG_ON*, etc.) in reachable paths.
- Reachable Drivers and Protocols:
  * Drivers accessible via virtual buses (virtio, USB gadget, loopback, netlink, binder, sockets, etc.).

================================================================================
4. EXTRACTING FocusSymbols (PREVENTING DILUTION)
================================================================================
When WorthFuzzing=true, you must extract specific kernel functions into FocusSymbols to guide the fuzzer:

- AVOID UBIQUITOUS LIFECYCLE HOT-PATHS:
  Do NOT list generic, ubiquitous functions called by almost every program in the corpus
  (including, but not limited to: general memory allocators and deallocators, page fault
  and trap handlers, or core synchronization primitives; this is not an exhaustive list).
  Listing ubiquitous functions causes the fuzzer to classify thousands of unrelated tests as "focused",
  which severely dilutes fuzzing effort away from the actual changes.

- TARGET SPECIFIC FEATURE LOGIC AND ENTRYPOINTS:
  List functions that specifically implement the logic being added or altered, or direct API entrypoints
  for the subsystem feature under review.

- HANDLING STATIC INLINE FUNCTIONS IN HEADERS (.h):
  Compiler-inlined static functions (such as static inlines in mm/*.h or include/linux/*.h) lack
  distinct symbol addresses in vmlinux and cannot be targeted directly by symbol coverage filters.
  If the changes are primarily in static inline helpers, identify non-static, feature-specific caller
  functions in .c files that exercise them (avoiding ubiquitous lifecycle wrappers).

================================================================================
5. IDENTIFYING EnableConfigs
================================================================================
Identify any specific CONFIG_ options required to properly compile and reach the modified code:
- Inspect Kconfig files and #ifdef guards; do not make assumptions.
- Check "depends on" lines in Kconfig to include any non-standard parent subsystem configs needed.
- Strip any 'CONFIG_' prefix (e.g., return "NET_IPV4" instead of "CONFIG_NET_IPV4").
Prefer calling several tools at the same time to save round-trips.


Use set-results tool to provide results of the analysis.
It must be called exactly once before the final reply.
Ignore results of this tool.

Target architecture: amd64

For your convenience, here is the diff of the changes:
commit f00ffafd024a8c8596fcede162e7c056386841f4
Author: syz-cluster <triage@syzkaller.com>
Date:   Thu Sep 10 20:03:27 2026 +0000

    syz-cluster: applied patch under review

diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c b/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c
index 8c2f9255b36d7..6ab911e821551 100644
--- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c
+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c
@@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@ static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)
 		}
 
 		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP && xdpmeta_ifindex) {
-			bpf_program__set_flags(pos, bpf_program__flags(pos) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
+			bpf_program__add_flags(pos, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
 			bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, xdpmeta_ifindex);
 		} else {
 			bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, offload_ifindex);
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
index c036e8a91ed88..221c4fe1fb319 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
@@ -9938,6 +9938,16 @@ int bpf_program__set_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int bpf_program__add_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags)
+{
+	return bpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog->prog_flags | flags);
+}
+
+int bpf_program__clear_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags)
+{
+	return bpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog->prog_flags & ~flags);
+}
+
 __u32 bpf_program__log_level(const struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
 	return prog->log_level;
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
index b965ad5715403..3932bf9cb4903 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
@@ -1011,6 +1011,12 @@ bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(struct bpf_program *prog,
 LIBBPF_API __u32 bpf_program__flags(const struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__set_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags);
 
+/* Convenience helpers to non-destructively add or clear the specified flags
+ * instead of clobbering them as bpf_program__set_flags() does.
+ */
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__add_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags);
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__clear_flags(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 flags);
+
 /* Per-program log level and log buffer getters/setters.
  * See bpf_object_open_opts comments regarding log_level and log_buf
  * interactions.
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
index 08ab2ea881fb6..a811a1b3a0857 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
@@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ LIBBPF_1.7.0 {
 
 LIBBPF_1.8.0 {
 	global:
+		bpf_program__add_flags;
 		bpf_program__attach_tracing_multi;
+		bpf_program__clear_flags;
 		bpf_program__clone;
 		btf__find_by_name_kind_own;
 		btf__new_empty_opts;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c
index 7dadb90e7b689..41136e1c7752e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c
@@ -543,9 +543,7 @@ static void test_kprobe_sleepable(void)
 		return;
 
 	/* sleepable kprobe test case needs flags set before loading */
-	if (!ASSERT_OK(bpf_program__set_flags(
-			       skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable,
-			       bpf_program__flags(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable) | BPF_F_SLEEPABLE),
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(bpf_program__add_flags(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable, BPF_F_SLEEPABLE),
 		       "kprobe_sleepable_flags"))
 		goto cleanup;
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c
index 652307a1b22e7..902a70d5afeb6 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ static int check_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type)
 	}
 
 	bpf_program__set_type(prog, type);
-	bpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | testing_prog_flags());
+	bpf_program__add_flags(prog, testing_prog_flags());
 	bpf_program__set_log_level(prog, 4 | extra_prog_load_log_flags);
 
 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c
index 25eb59f460abe..72c0ef8da409e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kernel_flag.c
@@ -10,15 +10,31 @@ void test_kernel_flag(void)
 	struct test_kernel_flag *lsm_skel;
 	struct kfunc_call_test *skel = NULL;
 	struct kfunc_call_test_lskel *lskel = NULL;
+	struct bpf_program *prog;
+	__u32 flags;
 	int ret;
 
-	lsm_skel = test_kernel_flag__open_and_load();
+	lsm_skel = test_kernel_flag__open();
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(lsm_skel, "lsm_skel"))
 		return;
 
-	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__flags(lsm_skel->progs.bpf) & BPF_F_SLEEPABLE,
+	prog = lsm_skel->progs.bpf;
+	flags = bpf_program__flags(prog);
+	ASSERT_EQ(flags & BPF_F_SLEEPABLE,
 		  BPF_F_SLEEPABLE, "sleepable in program flags");
 
+	ret = bpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT);
+	ASSERT_OK(ret, "bpf_program__add_flags ret");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__flags(prog), flags | BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT,
+		  "bpf_program__add_flags value");
+
+	ret = bpf_program__clear_flags(prog, BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT);
+	ASSERT_OK(ret, "bpf_program__clear_flags ret");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__flags(prog), flags, "bpf_program__clear_flags value");
+
+	ret = test_kernel_flag__load(lsm_skel);
+	ASSERT_OK(ret, "test_kernel_flag__load");
+
 	lsm_skel->bss->monitored_tid = sys_gettid();
 
 	ret = test_kernel_flag__attach(lsm_skel);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c
index ed3fd0a88dab6..651123cd8602d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c
@@ -361,8 +361,7 @@ static void test_attach_api_fails(void)
 
 	sl_skel->bss->user_ptr = sl_skel;
 
-	err = bpf_program__set_flags(sl_skel->progs.handle_kprobe_multi_sleepable,
-				     bpf_program__flags(sl_skel->progs.handle_kprobe_multi_sleepable) | BPF_F_SLEEPABLE);
+	err = bpf_program__add_flags(sl_skel->progs.handle_kprobe_multi_sleepable, BPF_F_SLEEPABLE);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "sleep_skel_set_flags"))
 		goto cleanup;
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c
index 047dfdc322a2f..3ab963458903d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/xdp_metadata.c
@@ -408,14 +408,14 @@ void test_xdp_metadata(void)
 
 	prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(bpf_obj->obj, "rx");
 	bpf_program__set_ifindex(prog, rx_ifindex);
-	bpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
+	bpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
 
 	/* Make sure we can load a dev-bound program that performs
 	 * XDP_REDIRECT into a devmap.
 	 */
 	new_prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(bpf_obj->obj, "redirect");
 	bpf_program__set_ifindex(new_prog, rx_ifindex);
-	bpf_program__set_flags(new_prog, bpf_program__flags(new_prog) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
+	bpf_program__add_flags(new_prog, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
 
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(xdp_metadata__load(bpf_obj), "load skeleton"))
 		goto out;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c
index 794a7dfb05796..28724de063220 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ static void prepare_case(struct test_loader *tester,
 			 struct bpf_object *obj,
 			 struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
-	int min_log_level = 0, prog_flags;
+	int min_log_level = 0;
 
 	if (env.verbosity > VERBOSE_NONE)
 		min_log_level = 1;
@@ -766,8 +766,7 @@ static void prepare_case(struct test_loader *tester,
 	else
 		bpf_program__set_log_level(prog, spec->log_level);
 
-	prog_flags = bpf_program__flags(prog);
-	bpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog_flags | spec->prog_flags);
+	bpf_program__add_flags(prog, spec->prog_flags);
 
 	tester->log_buf[0] = '\0';
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c
index 3f037949e9789..d1d60451c5bcc 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/testing_helpers.c
@@ -292,7 +292,6 @@ int bpf_prog_test_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type,
 	);
 	struct bpf_object *obj;
 	struct bpf_program *prog;
-	__u32 flags;
 	int err;
 
 	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &opts);
@@ -308,8 +307,7 @@ int bpf_prog_test_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type,
 	if (type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC && bpf_program__type(prog) != type)
 		bpf_program__set_type(prog, type);
 
-	flags = bpf_program__flags(prog) | testing_prog_flags();
-	bpf_program__set_flags(prog, flags);
+	bpf_program__add_flags(prog, testing_prog_flags());
 
 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
 	if (err)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c
index e70741c6b9b7c..9cfc9b4b41c12 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c
@@ -1722,9 +1722,9 @@ static int process_prog(const char *filename, struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf
 	fixup_obj(obj, prog, base_filename);
 
 	if (env.force_checkpoints)
-		bpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ);
+		bpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ);
 	if (env.force_reg_invariants)
-		bpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS);
+		bpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS);
 
 	opts.log_buf = buf;
 	opts.log_size = buf_sz;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c
index c5501b3fdf48f..ab3f5fc56e867 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xdp_hw_metadata.c
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(bpf_obj->obj, "rx");
 	bpf_program__set_ifindex(prog, ifindex);
-	bpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
+	bpf_program__add_flags(prog, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
 
 	printf("load bpf program...\n");
 	ret = xdp_hw_metadata__load(bpf_obj);

gemini-3.7-flash

null

null

							input: 7262
							output: 95
							thoughts: 579
						

**My Assessment: No Fuzzing Needed Here**

Okay, let's break this down. First, I need to look at the diff and the rules for fuzzing applicability. The diff shows modifications across several files, all neatly contained within the `tools/` directory – specifically `tools/bpf/bpftool`, `tools/lib/bpf`, and `tools/testing/selftests/bpf`. No kernel core files are touched.

Now, let's cross-reference this with the fuzzing guidelines. Section 2, the "WHEN TO RETURN WorthFuzzing=false" section, is what I'm interested in here (the negative criteria). It explicitly states that "User-space directories, self-tests, samples, or scripts (e.g., tools/, samples/, scripts/, usr/) that do not affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux) or kernel modules" warrant a `WorthFuzzing=false` classification.

Given that *all* the changed files are within those specified `tools/` subdirectories and, therefore, don't impact the kernel itself, the "WorthFuzzing" flag should definitely be set to *false*.

Just to be absolutely sure, I'm going to double-check again that I didn't miss anything, but I'm confident. No kernel files are present, only tools.

Therefore, my final conclusion is:

*   **WorthFuzzing: false**
*   **FocusSymbols: \[ ]** (As the change is self-contained)
*   **EnableConfigs: \[ ]** (No config changes are present.)
*   **Reasoning:** The patch exclusively modifies user-space tools and libraries (`tools/lib/bpf`, `tools/bpf/bpftool`, and `tools/testing/selftests/bpf`), which are not part of the kernel image (vmlinux) or kernel modules.

{
  "EnableConfigs": [],
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "Reasoning": "The changes are entirely confined to user-space tools, libraries, and selftests (tools/lib/bpf, tools/bpf/bpftool, and tools/testing/selftests/bpf). They do not modify any kernel code or affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux).",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

{
  "EnableConfigs": null,
  "FocusSymbols": [],
  "Reasoning": "The changes are entirely confined to user-space tools, libraries, and selftests (tools/lib/bpf, tools/bpf/bpftool, and tools/testing/selftests/bpf). They do not modify any kernel code or affect the compiled kernel image (vmlinux).",
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

{
  "WorthFuzzing": false
}

null