A use-after-free issue reported from syzbot exists in __bpf_trace_run(). BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __bpf_trace_run kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2075 [inline] -> struct bpf_prog *prog = link->link.prog; The link(struct bpf_raw_tp_link) was freed before accessing link->link.prog. The root cause is that: When bpf_probe_unregister() is called, tasks may have already entered the old tp_probes array (RCU read-side section) before rcu_assign_pointer() updates tp->funcs. These tasks can access the link through the old array. Without synchronization, the link can be freed via call_rcu() after bpf_probe_unregister() in bpf_link_free(), leading to use-after-free in __bpf_trace_run(). CPU 0 (free link) CPU 1 (enter old tp probe) ───────────────── ──────────────────────── rcu_read_lock() old_funcs = tp->funcs bpf_raw_tp_link_release() bpf_probe_unregister() rcu_assign_pointer(tp->funcs, new) call_srcu/call_rcu_tasks_trace(old_tp) ... call_rcu/call_rcu_tasks_trace(&link->rcu, ...) (RCU grace period) kfree(link) __bpf_trace_run(link, ...) access link->link.prog UAF! Fix by calling tracepoint_synchronize_unregister() to ensure all in-flight tracepoint callbacks have completed, so the link is no longer reachable before it is freed. The issue was introduced by commit d4dfc5700e86 ("bpf: pass whole link instead of prog when triggering raw tracepoint"), which changed tracepoint callbacks to receive bpf_raw_tp_link pointers instead of bpf_prog pointers. Prior to this commit, this issue did not occur because the bpf_prog was directly used and protected by reference counting. Fixes: d4dfc5700e86 ("bpf: pass whole link instead of prog when triggering raw tracepoint") Reported-by: syzbot+b4c5ad098c821bf8d8bc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=b4c5ad098c821bf8d8bc Tested-by: syzbot+b4c5ad098c821bf8d8bc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: Qing Wang --- Changes in v2: - Modified commit message from bpf-ci AI reviewed. - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260304070927.178464-1-wangqing7171@gmail.com/T/ kernel/bpf/syscall.c | 7 +++++++ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+) diff --git a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c index 0378e83b4099..dd491bc35027 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c @@ -3783,6 +3783,13 @@ static void bpf_raw_tp_link_release(struct bpf_link *link) bpf_probe_unregister(raw_tp->btp, raw_tp); bpf_put_raw_tracepoint(raw_tp->btp); + + /* + * Wait for all in-flight tracepoint callbacks to complete so the + * link is no longer reachable through tp_probes. This prevents + * use-after-free in __bpf_trace_run() when a tracepoint fires. + */ + tracepoint_synchronize_unregister(); } static void bpf_raw_tp_link_dealloc(struct bpf_link *link) -- 2.34.1