Commit c0e473a0d226 ("block: fix race between set_blocksize and read paths") closed a race between set_blocksize() and block device I/O: with large sector size support, set_blocksize() can change i_blkbits and the mapping's minimum folio order while a concurrent reader still holds a folio of the old, smaller order, leading to crashes. In particular, it made blkdev_write_iter() wrap buffered writes in inode_lock_shared(). However, the direct I/O fallback path was missed in that conversion. blkdev_write_iter() passes blkdev_buffered_write() as an argument to direct_write_fallback() with no lock held. A direct write that completes only partially then finishes as a buffered write with no protection. This can cause a BUG by racing partial direct writes against ioctl(BLKBSZSET). Writer threads issue O_DIRECT pwritev() with a two-segment iovec whose second segment is an unreadable PROT_NONE mapping. The direct path then writes the first segment, fails to pin the second, and returns short, entering the fallback. A second thread keeps toggling the second segment's protection so that some fallbacks get past fault_in_iov_iter_readable() and reach the page cache, a third thread populates the page cache with folios of the current block size via pread() and readahead(), and a fourth thread toggles the block size between 512 bytes and 64K with BLKBSZSET. The minimum folio order only moves with block sizes above PAGE_SIZE, i.e. with CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE raising BLK_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE to 64K. On a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM kernel this yields the following BUG: page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_order(folio) < mapping_min_folio_order(mapping)) kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:858! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI RIP: 0010:__filemap_add_folio+0x860/0x8d0 Call Trace: filemap_add_folio+0xc9/0x1f0 __filemap_get_folio_mpol+0x240/0x660 iomap_write_begin+0xa87/0xd70 iomap_file_buffered_write+0x304/0x6a0 blkdev_write_iter+0x255/0x510 do_iter_readv_writev+0x23d/0x3c0 vfs_writev+0x211/0x7d0 do_pwritev+0x121/0x190 do_syscall_64+0x121/0x630 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The same workload also trips WARN_ON_ONCE(pos >= folio_pos(folio) + fsize) in iomap_trim_folio_range(). Fix this by calling blkdev_buffered_write() in the fallback path under inode_lock_shared(), matching the plain buffered-write branch. With the fix the same workload runs clean. A short IOCB_NOWAIT direct write reaches the same fallback. Taking i_rwsem there can now block behind set_blocksize(), and the fallback already blocks on writeback of the data it copied in direct_write_fallback(). blkdev_write_iter() already rejects a purely buffered IOCB_NOWAIT write with -EOPNOTSUPP, so do not enter the fallback for IOCB_NOWAIT at all: return the bytes the direct path already wrote, or -EAGAIN if none, and let the caller retry. The reproducer used was written by an LLM, and is available at [1]. [1] https://gist.github.com/tzussman/69d06bc57d42a42989eb038b1b5aeb74 Fixes: 3c20917120ce ("block/bdev: enable large folio support for large logical block sizes") Reported-by: Sashiko Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260730-blk-dontcache-v7-0-3e8e6850068d%40columbia.edu?part=5 Assisted-by: Claude:claude-fable-5 Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig Tested-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman --- block/fops.c | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/block/fops.c b/block/fops.c index 8d74d0e57f43..7ff78b448659 100644 --- a/block/fops.c +++ b/block/fops.c @@ -770,9 +770,26 @@ static ssize_t blkdev_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from) if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) { ret = blkdev_direct_write(iocb, from); - if (ret >= 0 && iov_iter_count(from)) - ret = direct_write_fallback(iocb, from, ret, - blkdev_buffered_write(iocb, from)); + if (ret >= 0 && iov_iter_count(from)) { + if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) { + /* + * The buffered fallback blocks on i_rwsem and + * on writeback of the data it copied: return + * the short direct write instead and let the + * caller retry. + */ + if (!ret) + ret = -EAGAIN; + } else { + ssize_t ret2; + + inode_lock_shared(bd_inode); + ret2 = blkdev_buffered_write(iocb, from); + inode_unlock_shared(bd_inode); + ret = direct_write_fallback(iocb, from, ret, + ret2); + } + } } else { /* * Take i_rwsem and invalidate_lock to avoid racing with -- 2.39.5